The History of Electronic Medical Records

WORK EXPERIENCECase Manager D&S Community Services – Nashville, TN – January 2013 to Present Responsibilities my responsibilities were to keep all files up to date I made sure that each client had OT, PT and ST plans. I made sure that there physicals and dental was up to date. I did the scheduling as well as monthly reviews on each individual I do risk assessment made sure all filing was done and put files and alphabetical order I fax answer phone calls and copy thing as well as greeting the family and clients when they came in to the office when on ISP meeting and do QA all the notes on each client.Medical Assistant Tennessee Pediatrics – Nashville, TN – January 2013 to November 2013 Responsibilities scheduling appointments, checking patients in and out, updating patient's charts, faxing and scanning shot records, assisting Doctors with patients, giving injections and drawing blood, giving CBC, hematology, and running urine analysis, taking vital signs, a nd a variety of other test that pertain to the needs of the patientPhlebotomist Technician / Receptionist tech CSL Plasma – Madison, TN – January 2012 to December 2012 phlebotomist there and the receptionist tech I put in data and do vital signs welcome guess when they enter the door and setting up machines DC in which means disconnect donor from the machine can sitting up machines in preparing them for their donationsDirect Care Professional Tennessee Family Solutions – Nashville, TN – March 2010 to February 2012 Ensured the implementation of outcomes, therapeutic plans, programs and service information between the day/school programs. Ensured the implementation of the Individual Support Plans, ISP and documentation and tracked any progress from the ISP plans. Maintained open communicants with legal guardians, advocates, conservator and indepent support coordinator.Ensured consistency of individual skills effectiveness of programming, service objectives daily notes. Monitored all doctor appointments and follow up appointment along with medications for  individuals served. Ensured the home for safety and environmental issues to help to resolve the issues if any were found. Ensured that each individual's current nutritional and behavior management plan was being carried outTechnician Assistant Donaldson Place Caring Rehabilitation – 2008 to 2009 Administered and monitored the care of the patients. Ensured active treatment programs were being implemented to meet the need of the patient. Developed behavior support systems to help reduce challenging behaviors of the patient. Encouraged self-development of the patient while they were in the care of the agency. Assisted the activities coordinator with daily activities of the clients. Assisted nurses with passing daily medication to patients. Completed all paper work in a timely manner.Resources for Human Development Care Provider 2008 to 2009Ensured the daily living skills of the clients were being met. Ensured that all regulations were met for active treatment and for all services provided to the client. Ensured the each client medical and nutritional management plan was being followed daily. Ensured consistency of individual skills effectiveness of programming, service objectives and daily notes. Ensured the home was maintained for the safety of the client. Completed all paper work in a timely manner. Tracked and implemented behavior supports that were needed for the client.COMPUTER AND PROFESSIONAL SKILLS: CPR and First Aid Certified. Unlicensed Professional Medication Administration Certified Proficient with Microsoft office word, Power Point, Excel, Outlook.EDUCATIONMedical assistant in M.A Nashville College of medical careers – Nashville, TN January 2009 to January 2010 High School Diploma Cornerstone Christian High School – Georgia January 2005 to January 2008ADDITIONAL INFORMATIONFive years’ experience in the Developmentally Dis abled and Mentally. Challenged individuals served. Experienced with proving medical assistance  to clients while in rehabilitation.

Benecol: Raisio’s Global Nutriceutical Essay

Raisio, a Finnish grain and chemical company, is the proud owner of a product that has been deemed one of the ten most important nutritional innovations in the world (â€Å"Benecol ®,† 2010). This product is a unique compound composed of plant stanol esters and has been scientifically proven to help lower cholesterol levels in humans. With the prevalence of high cholesterol in the world population and the incidence of mortality associated with a high cholesterol level, it is no wonder that Raisio had a deep desire to share their product with the world. Raisio’s first introduction of Benecol margarine was in November of 1995 in Finland and, even though it cost substantially more than regular margarine, Benecol flew off of the shelves (Moffett & Howard, 1999). Seeing the potential of Benecol, Raisio formed a plan to take it globally. A successful global product roll-out requires an intricate knowledge of the market and careful planning and preparation of all necessary channels. According to the Global Minds Network, there are 10 critical steps to global launch success. They are; 1) evaluate local market opportunities, 2) create a global plan and roadmap, 3) design an effective launch process worldwide, 4) engage launch team across cultures, 5) communicate across functions and cultures, 6) test your message and image, 7) internationalize customer communications, 8) ensure timely and localized deliverables, 9) deliver effective support tools to ensure global readiness, and 10) enable local sales teams through training (â€Å"10 Steps to Global Launch Success,† n. d. ). As Raisio had no prior knowledge of dealing in foodstuffs, they required a global partner who could perform the 10 steps. Johnson & Johnson was to be this partner. Using their McNeil Consumer Products group, they proposed a comprehensive production, promotion, and distribution strategy (Moffett & Howard, 1999). This strategy clearly defined the roles that each partner would perform and be financially responsible for. Raisio would continue to maintain control of the stanol ester including the production of it and the supply of the raw material or plant sterol. Their input of capital was geared toward keeping the supply constant and Raisio was quick to go into joint ventures with DRT (France), Detsa S. A. (Chile), and Westvaco Corporation (U. S. ). Along with building sterol production plants in these countries, Raisio also built another one in Finland (Moffett & Howard, 1999). Raisio would buy the stanols that were produced at the various plants and then turn them into stanol ester using a process that they had patented. McNeil would then purchase stanol ester exclusively from Raisio, make the products containing the ester, and send these products to market and promote them. McNeil had budgeted over US$80 million for the promotional commitment (Moffett & Howard, 1999). Two other items that were covered in the agreement between Raisio and Johnson & Johnson pertained to payments that would be made to Raisio. Raisio would receive royalties on the sales of all products containing Benecol and they would also receive milestone payments. The milestone payments were an incentive for Raisio and an insurance policy for McNeil. If McNeil were to introduce Benecol products into major markets, they needed to make sure that there would be no break in the supply chain regarding the stanol ester because any lag in the production of the ester could have serious implications for McNeil. If Raisio could not keep up with the demand for stanol ester, there would be no payment. As for being an insurance policy, introducing a new product into the market carries with it enormous financial risk, if Raisio only receives a milestone payment if the launch is successful, McNeil has alleviated some of their risk by sharing it with Raisio. Financially, if McNeil was able to get beyond the FDA and other regulatory hurdles, Raisio stood to make considerable gains. This was welcome news as Benecol sales in Finland had gone fairly flat and had only accounted for 2% of the Raisio Group sales just two years after it had been introduced (Moffett & Howard, 1999). Under the agreement with McNeil, Raisio would receive returns in the short-term, on a continuing basis, and over the life of the agreement. In the short-term, Raisio would receive milestone payments for the use of their intellectual property. These payments would start in 1998 and go thru 2001. Their amounts would be (millions of Finnish marks, FIM) 110, 150, 100, and 50 respectively. These payments are an assured inflow of cash and incur no direct expense associated with them. On a continuing basis, Raisio holds the patent on stanol ester so they would be supplying all of the stanol ester to McNeil. The projected amount ranges from 1723 tons in 1999 to 6851 tons in 2005. This gives Raisio continued sales of the ester and because they are partnered with McNeil, Raisio would receive an acceptable sale price. Projected revenues from the sale of stanol ester, for the years 1998 thru 2005, are (millions of FIM) 0, 1, 2, 3, 3, 3, 4, and 4. Over the life of the agreement, Raisio would be the recipient of any royalties from the sale of any products containing Benecol. The royalties are to be paid as a percentage of the retail product price. This is in the favor of Raisio because the royalties aren’t tied to profitability of the Benecol products. Royalty payments made to Raisio are projected to be (millions of FIM) 0, 108, 218, 279, 311, 340, 380, and 428 for the years 1998 thru 2005. In looking at the pro forma income statement, revenues from Benecol are predicted to rise from 2% of the Raisio Group sales to 8% by the end of 2005 thanks to the agreement with McNeil (Moffett & Howard, 1999). The strategy that Raisio needed was indeed partnering with a multinational company as time was of the essence due to possible competition entering the market first. Unilever, Forbes Medi-Tech, and pharmaceutical giant Novartis were on the heels of Raisio also trying to bring their products to market. Raisio had spent immense amounts of money and time formulating Benecol and doing clinical trials and did not want to lose out on any gains to be made (Moffett & Howard, 1999). Raisio was unfamiliar with this line of business so with the experience that Johnson & Johnson’s McNeil division had in the world of pharmaceuticals and consumer products; they were an excellent choice to assist in bringing Benecol to the global market. The only hurdles that now stood between Benecol and the world were regulatory issues. To bring Benecol to the market as quickly as possible would be difficult in Europe but even more difficult in the U. S. Of the three possible classifications that Benecol could be awarded by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), qualifying it as a pharmaceutical would mean substantially larger value-margins as Benecol was shown to have as much, if not more, efficacy then the cholesterol-reducing drugs on the market, however, this path also required the most time (Moffett & Howard, 1999).

RH Bill Essay

Introduction Poverty and overpopulation are two of the biggest national concern the Philippines have right now. Many solutions have been made to alleviate these problems but none of them seem to work. One of which is The Reproductive Health Bill of the Philippines, or RH Bill. This bill allows Filipinos access to contraceptives and an opportunity to be enlightened on the topic of family planning. The bill was first introduced in 1998 but somewhat died in the years after. Not until the year 2011 that the Congress decided to once again open its door for discussion on the RH bill. The basic condition of this bill is to introduce Filipinos and distribute to them family planning devices. It also aims for health care centers all over the country to circulate information on how to properly use them. Companies and schools are also encouraged to do the same with their employees and students. Through this, the bill intends to alleviate the problem of overpopulation in the Philippines. The bill, like any other thing in the world, is surrounded by controversies. It is actually a really good bill but a lot of people are opposing it. The number one group who opposes it is the Catholic Church. Though not entirely stated in the bill, the Church implies that the bill entails abortion, something that is greatly against the teaching and morals of the Church.

Global capitalism is the primary cause of world hunger. Discuss Essay

Global capitalism is the primary cause of world hunger. Discuss - Essay Example Communism is the only alternative that had been in place before capitalism was, communism basically refers to an economic system where the state had total control over the means of production and also the distribution of goods, the state determined how much of each good would be produced and for whom. Basically an economic system aims to answer 3 questions i.e. what to produce, whom to produce and how to produce, in communist states these questions were tackled by the state where the government formed certain bodies for each industry and these bodies would conduct a thorough research to determine the answers to the three economic questions, this kind of an economic system ensured that every one would get an equal share of the goods produced and there would be parity in the levels of income for the whole population. The thing that was lacking in this form of a system was that it did not cater to growth, people who were willing to work harder than the others did not get a reward for th e work they would do and hence there was no place for individualism in this economic system, this was indeed a major draw back of communism because people did not want to cater for the whole society they wanted personal benefit which was almost impossible to gain from this economic system. The assumption of communism that people are usually good and want others to benefit was not an appropriate one because people are generally selfish and want to flourish as individuals rather than every one having the same rights and income. Another draw back of this system was that it was costly to determine the prices of goods in the market because there were committees formed to determine the prices and this was not an effective method because these committees did not work for free and hence there was an extra cost that had to be paid in this system, therefore the prices of the goods were pushed up to cater to the expenses attached with the committees set up in this type of an economic

Nonverbal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Nonverbal - Essay Example ited to personal space or proxemics, facial expressions or kinesics and a more commonly noticed modern issue known as aesthetics or ones external beauty. The nonverbal rule I have chosen includes not one but two, utilizing aesthetics and proxemics to view reactions and changes in interactions. In the experiment I undertook I chose to dress as a person from the street and sat next to a person we can call Mary at a bus stop. It became readily apparent that my being here was a distraction and she soon took her phone out and began having a whispered conversation with another unknown individual. While her tone was pleasant her body synchrony showed extreme anxiety that increased with small looks in my direction as she inched a little bit at a time down the bench to avoid me. As the minutes dragged on I stood up and moved closer to her side and then sat down again, her reaction was immediate and she stood up and walked around behind the bus stop to the opposite side. I attempted to speak with her and introduce myself, while explaining my actions she was not unfortunately entirely willing to converse as a result I decided to approach another individual. My next unfortunate subject we can call Tom, entered the bus stop directly following the exit of Mary and immediately sat down on the opposite side of the bench. His actions clearly showed his lack of desire for any interaction, his arms were crossed, and he placed headphones over his ears and lowered his eyes to look in front of him. I decided to sit down in front of him within a meter or so. His reaction was immediately apparent and he moved quickly and openly to the opposite side of the bench. I then shuffled slowly to the bench and sat down directly in the middle of it my location was less than an arm’s length from Tom. I began playing with the crumpled newspapers I had and kicking noisily at various pebbles and items on the ground in front of us. He quickly decided that this was not to his liking and asked me

WESTERN CIVILIZATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

WESTERN CIVILIZATION - Essay Example The peasants were made to pay land tax, war tax, and an extraordinary number of dues were imposed on them such as, cloth dues, salt dues, bread dues, while the clergy and the nobility were exempt from paying taxes. Resentment and anger were fuming among the exploited poor peasants. These form the long time social background, which caused French Revolution. The administrative failure in France and her bankruptcy in the later part of the 18th century forced Louis XVI to call a general meeting of the Estates General. But differences ensued among the representatives regarding voting rights. On June 10, 1789 the Third Estate, consisting of the bourgeoisie, the peasants, and the liberal minded representatives from the members of the nobility declared itself the National Assembly. Louis XVI failed to disband the group. On July 14th commoners in Paris stormed the Bastille. French Revolution brought new hope and light to all other European states. As the age-old feudal system was demolished the new age upheld the high ideals of Enlightenment. New institutions came up which were based on reason and justice. Man broke the shackles of superstition, prejudice, oppression and cruelty of a fellow human being. New terms such as freedom, liberty, equality and brotherhood filled the hearts of men. For that generation, human rights came within sight; forces of oppression, tyranny and misery were identified. â€Å"So 1789 stands as the pivotal year- a watershed- in which these forces came to their abrupt and necessary

SAUDIZATION AND THE SAUDI ARABIAN KINGDOM DEVELOPMENT Essay

SAUDIZATION AND THE SAUDI ARABIAN KINGDOM DEVELOPMENT - Essay Example Saudization was an initiative from Saudi Government to encourage the participation and employment of Saudi Nationals in the private sector of the country. This was started during 2006 which were started in order to ensure that local Saudis get jobs in private sector. Government made the condition that if private sector companies do not hire the locals, they will fail to get the government contracts. Initially government set the level of 75% wherein 75% of the employees will be locals however, in actuality, the figures are relatively low. Human resource development (HRD), according to Harbisson and Myers (1964, cited in Abdulai, 2000), is the process of increasing the knowledge, skills and the capacities of all people in society. Therefore, when there is an increase in the level of skills possessed by individuals, an economy will invariably benefit and develop faster. In case of Saudization, this is more critical because it requires a completely new and strategic approach towards HRM in order to ensure that the locals are engaged and employed by the local firms in order to upgrade their skills and reduce the dependence of country on foreign workers. This essay will discuss as to how the process of Saudization can help to create jobs and support the national economy of Saudi Arabia, a country in the Middle East. Also, the issue and its relationship to the development of the economy will be discussed, as well as challenges that may be faced. Recommendations will therefore be made based on the research findings. Saudi Arabia and its Economy The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has a centrally planned economy. It’s an oil-based economy with steady government control over major economic activities. The country owns 25% of the world’s confirmed petroleum reserves and ranks as the world’s largest petroleum exporter (OPEC, 2009). The petroleum sector of the Saudi economy accounts for roughly 75% of budget revenues, 45% of the gross domestic product (GDP), an d 90% of export earnings. Approximately 4 million foreign workers play an important role in the oil and service sectors, contributing to the Saudi economy (Gianos & Lusignan, 2003). In the earlier years, discussions were focused on the extent to which Saudi Arabia is prepared to increase market admittance for foreign goods and services and the length of time to become fully compliant with World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations. In April 2000, therefore, the government established the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority to encourage foreign direct investment in Saudi Arabia, and as of November 2005, Saudi Arabia was formally permitted to join the WTO (Al-Asmari, 2008). The Saudi Arabian economy is flooded with family businesses which constitute the backbone of the economy. According to Davis et al. (1997) the family organisations constitute 90% of the trading activities in the Gulf region and 95% of the total organizations in the country. This percentage is relatively high because in other regions of the world, the percentage is between 65% and 80% (Davis et al., 1997). Also, according to the Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency (SAMA) (2006), the overall number of such family organizations is estimated to have reached

Exploring the international Business environment Essay

Exploring the international Business environment - Essay Example Scenario planning was first implemented in military intelligence and military strategy studies. Scenario planning involves identifying trends and analyzing their predicted ramifications. Scenario planning helps organizations in implementing strategic investment, regulating hiring strategies and conducting capital planning. Organizations are able to execute scenario-based approaches to planning thereby developing credible solutions to potential challenges (Friedman, 2014). Scenario planning also helps firms to assess potential outcomes before implementation. Scenario planning is also beneficial in categorizing plans according to their short-term or long term feasibility. The paper will examine the demographic and religious forecast of Tajikistan until the year 2030 and the implications on Asian Development Bank’s strategic plan for Central and West Asian developing member countries. The Republic of Tajikistan is an autonomous country located in Central Asia. The country’s administrative, legislative and financial capital is Dushanbe. The country is bordered by Uzbekistan, Pakistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan, and China. Up until September 1991 when the country gained independence, Tajikistan was part of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics. At 143,100 square kilometres, the country is the smallest nation in Central Asia (CIA, 2015). Tajikistan is landlocked and very mountainous. The country is divided into four provinces: one capital province, one autonomous province and two other provinces. The head of state is the president while the government is led by a prime minister. The Tajikistani legislature comprises of a national assembly and an assembly of representatives. The judiciary implements a civil law system (CIA, 2015). Tajikistan is classified as the poorest country in Central Asia and among former Soviet states. The country’s slow economic growth is attributed to the high levels of corruption, poor governance, political unrest, economic

U07d2 Laws Balancing Access and Protection Essay

U07d2 Laws Balancing Access and Protection - Essay Example The organizations now aim at having paper free offices and all the doctors now use the electronic medium to communicate rather than in paper. However, similar to the use of paper, this method of record keeping also has its own merits and demerits. In today’s world, everyone is very concerned not only about themselves but also about the environment around them, hence the paper less offices and reducing carbon footprints. However one important thing to note is that the use of computers for keeping records can be quite a threat to security for the personal information of millions and millions of people (Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2010). In order to ensure that the electronic data is in place and is standardized and hack free, there have been a number of changes including the shift from the traditional viewpoints to newer auditing methods. Similar to the many laws that have been developed over the years, the Privacy Rule also works on the need for independence and personal space in terms of the collection and distribution of healthcare information. Apart from the difficulty of the medical records, the health care organizations are also faced with an issue to upkeep the confidentiality of the communication both in terms of verbal as well as written (Adler, 2008). As the data protection act prohibits the leak of any personal information, similarly, all medical information should also be kept very confidential and should only be shared with consent of the patient. The chapter brings out the most important point of focus, i.e. that the medical records, irrespective of whether they have been tampered or not for any profits, any fabrication or falsifying of data can lead to both criminal as well as civil liability (Beaver & Herold, 2003). No information can be leaked out, modified, or destroyed as this can lead to a criminal charge against the healthcare personnel. The basic idea of the

Cell bio lab report Essay Example for Free

Cell bio lab report Essay Purpose: During this experiment we compared the hemagglutination reaction of control Con A solution at 2 mg/ml in Con A buffer with the hemagglutination reaction of your own purified Con A sample that you diluted previously at 2 mg/ml in Con A buffer. The purpose of this lab was to determine the strength of the reaction by performing serial dilutions on both the Con A sample and the control Con A sample, and determine through observations whether or not addition of galactose or mannose will inhibit this reaction. I hypothesize that the Con A + galactose solutions will have partial agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions will have all no agglutination. Results: Rows A and B had half agglutination and half no agglutination, while row C had all no agglutination. Row D had half agglutination and half partial agglutination, while row E had 4 columns with agglutination and 8 columns with no agglutination. Row F had complete agglutination throughout. Con A reaction plate (Row/Column) Reaction A1-A6 (Control) Agglutination/inhibited A7-A12 (Control) No Agglutination/not inhibited B1-B6 (Con A + galactose) Agglutination/inhibited B7-B12 (Con A + galactose) No Agglutination/not inhibited C1-C12 (Con A + mannose) No Agglutination/not inhibited D1-D5 (Sample) Agglutination/inhibited D6-D12 (Sample) Partial agglutination/inhibited E1-E4 (Con A + galactose) Agglutination/inhibited E5-E12 (Con A + galactose) No Agglutination/not inhibited F1-F12 (Con A + mannose) No agglutination/not inhibited G1-G12 ((-)Control) Partial agglutination/inhibited H1-H12 (RBCs) Partial agglutination/inhibited Discussion: My hypothesis was proven correct, the Con A + galactose solutions did have partial agglutination and partial no agglutination, and the Con A + mannose solutions did have all no agglutination. This means that in the Con A + galactose solutions the ones that had agglutination the red cells aggregated with the lectin and sediment in the form of a uniform layer that covered the whole bottom of the well including the slopes, and in the Con A + mannose solutions the ones that failed to have agglutination take place covered only part of the bottom. We found through this experiment that the control Con A sample and the Con A sample had very similar strengths of reaction. Conclusion: In this experiment through serial dilutions on a 96 well plate we determined the strength of the each reaction on both the Con A sample and the control sample. We found through our experiment that the addition of galactose or mannose will partially inhibit or inhibit the reaction between our Con A sample and control Con A sample.

A Professional Development Plan

A Professional Development Plan In reflecting on my professional development, I consider that my skills and competencies have developed significantly and that my level of responsibility has developed to reflect this. Leading the production of the Neighbourhood Plan is a challenging task that has drawn on my skills across a very broad range of areas. It has also however been a very rewarding area of work and one that I feel has significantly developed my core spatial planning skills and will provide a robust basis to further my professional development. I also believe that my experience at RDA and (name removed) City Council has enabled me to start to develop the wider generic skill set required of built environment professionals, particularly in terms of multidisciplinary working, negotiation and mediation, and leadership. This will provide a strong basis from which to develop my future career within the sector and effectively respond to change. STRENGTHS Well developed analytical and research skills Strong report writing/policy skills Breadth of experience in spatial planning and regeneration through roles at Development Agency Council Strong interpersonal skills Wide range of professional contacts and networks through involvement in Regional Activities Committee and Young Planners Events WEAKNESSES Limited knowledge of development control and the mechanics of planning inquiries, compulsory purchase powers etc. No direct line-management experience Need to develop skills in terms of managing conflict/difficult situations OPPORTUNITIES Urban renaissance and current public policy commitment to building skills amongst built environment professionals e.g. Academy for Sustainable Communities, Regional Centres of Excellence, CABE Emergence of City Regions and development of associated organisations and bodies Widening range of public sector special delivery bodies and regeneration agencies e.g. URCs, UDCs, RDAs Missing generation of planners could provide opportunities for more rapid career progression THREATS Impact of Comprehensive Spending Review on regeneration spending and growth within the sector Impact of review of land use planning/potential change of political direction under new Labour leadership Competition from recent increase in number of high calibre graduates completing accelerated RTPI-accredited Masters degrees. PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN Period: September 2006 à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ September 2008 Date of next review: March 2007 WHERE AM I NOW? Current job title and employer details Since 3 April 2006 I have been employed as Planning Officer (Planning Regeneration) at (name removed) City Council. Current job / role My key area of work is the project management of the production of a Neighbourhood Plan as a nonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœstatutory area planning document. The core tasks which the production of the Neighbourhood Plan involves are: Preparation and agreement of the scope and approach to the production of the Neighbourhood Plan; Preparation of a Baseline and Issues report; Commissioning and management of consultants to facilitate stakeholder and community engagement workshops; Coà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœordination of both Officer Group and Advisory Group meetings; Principal point of contact for community and stakeholder enquiries; Preparation of the Neighbourhood Plan document and associated Sustainability Assessment and Consultation Statement; Liaison with Elected Members; and Preparation of formal reports to Planning Lead Member, Cabinet, and Council. Outside the project management of the production of the Neighbourhood Plan, my role also involves: preparing development briefs for key sites, and associated community and stakeholder engagement; providing policy advice in relevant preà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœapplication discussions with developers relating to significant development sites; working with partners to secure the implementation of plans and urban regeneration schemes; preparing reports to Lead Member, Cabinet and Council to seek political endorsement where appropriate; and providing planning advice to colleagues and stakeholders across a range of disciplines including housing, property, neighbourhood management, education services, and landscape design. Current strengths Policy / report writing skills à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ these were significantly developed through my work at RDA and will provide a strong basis to inform my production of policy documents and development briefs. See log book entry, p.x Analytical and research skills à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ these were also significantly developed through my work at RDA and have been critical in supporting my preparation of a Baseline and Issues report for the Neighbourhood Plan area. See log book entry, p.y Project management and collaborative working à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ my project management of the Historic Towns and Cities study at RDA developed my project management skills in terms of managing the consultants and financial management. My skills in collaborative and multidisciplinary working were developed through liaising with the steering group and engaging key partners and stakeholders. See log book entry, p.z Current areas for developmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Engaging and working with the local community à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ due to the nature of my role at RDA this is not an area in which I had experience prior to working at (current employer). It will be important that I continue to develop skills in this area in order to effectively carry out the duties of my role. Taking forward the Neighbourhood Plan process will be a key means of developing my skills in this area. See log book pages a, b and c. Knowledge of the development control / implementation side of planning à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ this relates to developing my detailed knowledge across a range of key areas which could be termed the mechanics of planning. These include planning applications, appeals and inquiries, callà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœins, development control and enforcement, and compulsory purchase powers. These are not areas in which I previously had experience given the nature of my role at RDA. They will however be important areas for development given the more local l implementation based nature of my role at (location removed). Developing skills in understanding and mediating political situations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœdeveloping skills in political awareness and mediation will be important given the political nature of planning, and partnership working more generally. In terms of my role at (location removed), the areas which I will seek to strengthen include managing relationships with key partners and stakeholders, colleagues from other sections within the Council, and Elected Members. WHERE AM I GOING? Long term goals My long term goal is to develop my career in the public sector. There are a wide range of reasons which underpin this commitment. These include the range of opportunities available, the breadth of work and the ability to make a difference and see tangible results from your work, together with the supportive organisational culture and commitment to staff development and maintaining a positive workà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœlife balance. My goal would be to work within planning/regeneration within a special delivery body as I believe this would offer the greatest potential for creativity and innovation. Within the existing organisational landscape, this could for example be within an Urban Regeneration Company. There are however likely to be other similar bodies emerging in the future as the organisational landscape changes. I believe that my experience to date within the RDA working on a strategic / policy based level, together with the more local level, implementationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœfocused experience I will get in my present role at (location removed) will put me in a good position to realise my goal by giving me a broad range of experience in planning and regeneration. Short term goals I will develop my skills in terms of working with the local community and securing effective engagement in the planà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœmaking process. I will develop my knowledge of the mechanics of planning, including planning applications, appeals and inquiries, callà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœins, development control and enforcement, and compulsory purchase powers. I will develop my skills of political awareness through managing relationships with key partners, stakeholders, colleagues from other sections within the Council and Elected Members. (continued on next page to allow for space for comments, right) HOW WILL I GET THERE? Objective 1: Develop skills of community working and engagement. How will I get there? Liaise with the Consultation and Commissioning group and other colleagues to develop a best practice approach to community engagement as part of the production of the Neighbourhood Plan. First meeting December 06. Learn best practice techniques of facilitation from specialist consultants commissioned to facilitate the Neighbourhood Plan workshops. Initial meeting set up for March 07. Continue to assist in the facilitation of relevant community engagement workshops and events at the Council. Workshops approaching in November and December 06. Continue to attend community facilitation workshops through my volunteer role with regional Planning Aid (see examples in log book, pages d, e and f). Workshop event July 07. Attend relevant training events on community engagement techniques organised by the RTPI, Planning Aid, or the (location removed) Planners Training Group. Specifically, event on Engaging with Young People in February 07. Objective 2: Develop detailed knowledge of the mechanics of planning. How will I get there? Involvement with development control colleagues at (development regeneration services consultancy) in pre- ­application discussions with developers for scheme proposals for key sites. Meeting scheduled for October 06. Developing my working knowledge of the key development control principles, through familiarisation with the GDPO and planning legislation, and familiarisation with the Councils relevant draft and adopted Supplementary Planning Documents, including the Planning Obligations SPD, Housing SPD, Greenspace SPD, Design and Crime SPD, and the Nature Conservation Biodiversity SPD. Have read and understood all documents by January 08. Relevant web-based research via Localaw and the DCLG and HMSO websites to develop my knowledge of relevant documents relating to the statutory procedures and legislative context. Involvement with colleagues from the Plans Group in relation to assisting in the preparation of case for appeals and call-ins. One-to-one arranged with (colleague) for November 06. Attendance at relevant planning inquiries to observe and learn from proceedings. Inquiry examining (details removed) due for January 07. Keep updated of amendments to the statutory procedures through reading relevant articles in Planning, the Planning Matters website, and attending Planning Law update events. Ongoing review amendments/learning outcomes in April 07. Objective 3: Develop skills in terms of political awareness and relationship management. How will I get there? Co-ordination of the Neighbourhood Plan Officer Group and Advisory Group, which will develop my skills in relationship building with officers from across the Councils Directorates, in addition to Elected Members and community representatives. Meeting scheduled December 06. Actively engage key external stakeholders in the production of the Neighbourhood Plan, including the (location removed) URC, the PCT and NHS Trust, (local area) Police, and key Registered Social Landlords. Continue to build my network of professional contacts through my role on the RTPI Regional Activities Committee and my involvement in the (regional) Young Planners Group and Planning Aid. Comments Summary Overall this is a clear and comprehensive Professional Development Plan. The candidate has thought deeply about where he sees his career progressing, so while his short term goals are focused on improvements relating to his current role, this is part of a wider vision for the future. There is clear ownership of the PDP on reading it you understand the candidates strengths and weaknesses through the same themes being picked up and addressed in the SWOT, the strengths/weaknesses of the PDP, and future objectives. So while the short term goals might not directly and explicitly work towards the long term goals, it is easy to see how these goals/objectives have been arrived at. Although the rest of the APC submission is not shown here, the PDP is also clearly identifiable as belonging to this candidate, and it is therefore clear that it is a very personal account. References are made to sections of the log book, which help with this. The actions that are identified are a little vague th e comments show how this has/could be improved by identifying more structured/specific activities, and by introducing target time frames. The candidate does not rely solely on general activities in the workplace, but identifies some firm CPD activities that will very likely have to take place outside of the day-to-day employment e.g. structured reading/research with particular topics/documents in mind. Candidates should avoid relying solely on activities that will take place during day-to-day work to meet objectives undertaking an activity at work doesnt necessarily mean you will learn from it, and opportunities to take on certain work activities are often outside of your control.

The Recent Negative Effect Of Technology On Society Essay example -- e

The Recent Negative Effect of Technology on Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ever since the Industrial revolution, technology has been changing at a fast pace. People are always wanting a better lifestyle therefore there is always something new arising so humans can cope with their physical environment. One of the most important breakthroughs for technology was the agricultural system. The agricultural system was the basis for the technology of the future. The agricultural system brought on the need for transportation, workers and even, battles over land. The need for transportation brought vehicles into the market. The need for employees brought mechanical robots into society. Battles over land brought on the need for sophisticated weapons. The agricultural system brought on a revolution. The invention of the television can bring media and other forms of entertainment into your house with video and audio combined. Before 1950, newspapers and radio were the only ways to bring media or entertainment into the house. Mass production and other job opportunities brought many people from the suburbs and farms into the city. We can now have forms of electricity directed into our houses for heating and light. Humans are more reliant on technology then ever before. All of these technological advances sound great, however, there is a negative effect to all this technology. Technology can serve to actually harm humans rather then help them. Competition between companies or even cities can sometimes make lives for humans even worse. Take for example when a city builds better and more roads to attract tourists. This actually creates more traffic, not less. Technology also changes our sense of common purpose. New inventions such as the personal computer and machines can change our lifestyles. Even things we take for granted such as the automobile have negative effects on technology. The oil needed for a car to run needs to be imported and sometimes accidents such as the Exxon Valdez incident spills many gallons of oil into the ocean. All of these examples show how technology has negative effects on society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, competition can lead to a negative effect of technology. When a company in the U.S. produces shoes and a company in Great Britain produces shoes as well, they must fight for their market share... ...n conclusion, society has recently seen the negative effects of society. Competition between cities and companies has taken away jobs and brought unwanted and costly projects into pleasurable areas. A change in lifestyle among almost every human being is yet another negative effect of technology. What has happened to people since supermarkets came to town? People do not want to hunt for food anymore. They find it much easier to walk into a store and purchase it. A third reason why technology has a negative effect on society is the advent of highly reliant possessions such as the automobile. Many people count on traveling to work everyday by car. If the car was somehow taken away from people then there would be chaos. It is much too late to take it away. Humans are much too reliant on it. There is not enough mass transit to transport all of the present car users. Hopefully, future technologies will be fully considered. We must look at the advantages and consequences and measure if society will benefit or suffer from the technology. Past technologies weren't fully considered and if they were, there is a chance that the automobile never would have went into production.

Identification Essay -- essays papers

Identification The identification process is perhaps the biggest problem in gifted education. In the United States, it is estimated that 47,846,000 children are enrolled in K-12 public schools. Of these students, approximately 2,393,000, or five percent, are considered gifted (Genius Denied, 2005). Developing procedures to identify these exceptional students can be an arduous task. However, Coleman has stated that, â€Å"Identification remains critical to ensuring that children receive the services they need to thrive in school† (2003, 1). There are several problems educators deal with when identifying gifted students. First, students from economically disadvantaged families or from culturally diverse backgrounds are considerably underrepresented in gifted programs. Also, gifted children with other noted disabilities are not represented. These students, also called twice-exceptional students, are especially hard to identify and instruct, as they may require advanced learning in certa in areas as well as remedial education in other areas (Winebrenner, 2003). Second, many educators are not trained to deal with such drastic above average intelligence, and they tend to rely on only one aspect of intelligence, such as an IQ score or a result from a standardized test, to identify intelligent students. These educators need to realize that intelligence is more complex, and may be evident more in portfolios, group projects, performance-based assessments, or a summation of work displayed over time. And finally, there is often a disparity between identification and the services involved. For example, a student identified as advanced in mathematics alone would probably not benefit from grade skipping, as he/she may fall behind in... ... Willard, P. (2002). Catering to the needs of gifted children. Dodge City Daily Globe. Retrieved 24 February 2005 from http://www.dodgeglobe.com/stories/092702/lif_gifted.shtml. This article tells the story of Erich Steubgen, a gifted student. The article then goes on to evaluate the emotional aspects of gifted and talented children – how they feel in a normal classroom, and warning signs for teachers who might be thrown off by adverse behaviors. Hagy, J. (2004). Hidden Genius. Teacher Magazine, 15(6), pp. 51-52. Retrieved 20 February 2005 from www.edweek.org. This resource provided information about the frustrations involved in identification from a parent’s perspective. Winner, E. (1996). The miseducation of our gifted children. Retrieved 21 April 2005 from www.edweek.org. This article mainly reviews several points I made in my paper.

I Am Joaquin Vs. The First Seven Years :: essays research papers

Sometimes many similarities can be found between two completely different works of literature. The poem “I am Joaquin'; and the short story “The First Seven Years'; at the same time exhibit both contrasting positions and similar ideals. Even though “I am Joaquin'; is told from Mexican-American perspective while “The First Seven Years'; is told from Jewish-American perspective, similarities are found in both. They tell of the American Dream and of the two mentioned families’ roles and influences as a means of attaining that dream. The roles of the families in these works and each version of the American Dream are based on the same ideals, but involve different methods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “The First Seven Years'; and “I am Joaquin'; express the same versions of the American Dream in terms of what is wanted. The idea of both works is a better life for the future generations of the families. Both selections also make it clear that the people involved desire a relief of what has been done for many years. “I am Joaquin'; tells of a work with “no end';. The people want an end to this tiring work they have done for years with no reward. Feld from “The First Seven Years'; wants his daughter to marry someone who will make the shoemaker’s next generation one that is not making shoes. Feld thinks that if his daughter marries a shoemaker, his dream will be ruined because she will not have a better life than her mother did. Therefore, what is wanted in both selections is not only a better life, but a new life as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both works present different ways of realizing their similar versions of the American Dream. In “The First Seven Years'; Feld makes it clear that education is the key to a better life rather than the hard labor he has gone through for many years. In the beginning of the story he wants his own daughter to go on to college because she shows promise. However she does not want to go. Defeated by his daughter’s strong will he then wishes to “let her marry an educated man and live a better life.'; Conversely, in “I am Joaquin,'; hard work was thought to be the way to a successful life. The family has lived a life of hardships “and work and work'; to which “there is no end.'; Although unsuccessful in their attempts, this was the idea of how the American Dream was to be realized. I Am Joaquin Vs. The First Seven Years :: essays research papers Sometimes many similarities can be found between two completely different works of literature. The poem “I am Joaquin'; and the short story “The First Seven Years'; at the same time exhibit both contrasting positions and similar ideals. Even though “I am Joaquin'; is told from Mexican-American perspective while “The First Seven Years'; is told from Jewish-American perspective, similarities are found in both. They tell of the American Dream and of the two mentioned families’ roles and influences as a means of attaining that dream. The roles of the families in these works and each version of the American Dream are based on the same ideals, but involve different methods.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  “The First Seven Years'; and “I am Joaquin'; express the same versions of the American Dream in terms of what is wanted. The idea of both works is a better life for the future generations of the families. Both selections also make it clear that the people involved desire a relief of what has been done for many years. “I am Joaquin'; tells of a work with “no end';. The people want an end to this tiring work they have done for years with no reward. Feld from “The First Seven Years'; wants his daughter to marry someone who will make the shoemaker’s next generation one that is not making shoes. Feld thinks that if his daughter marries a shoemaker, his dream will be ruined because she will not have a better life than her mother did. Therefore, what is wanted in both selections is not only a better life, but a new life as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Both works present different ways of realizing their similar versions of the American Dream. In “The First Seven Years'; Feld makes it clear that education is the key to a better life rather than the hard labor he has gone through for many years. In the beginning of the story he wants his own daughter to go on to college because she shows promise. However she does not want to go. Defeated by his daughter’s strong will he then wishes to “let her marry an educated man and live a better life.'; Conversely, in “I am Joaquin,'; hard work was thought to be the way to a successful life. The family has lived a life of hardships “and work and work'; to which “there is no end.'; Although unsuccessful in their attempts, this was the idea of how the American Dream was to be realized.

North or South, Civil War Essay

â€Å"At any time, the South can raise, equip, and maintain in the field, a larger army than any Power of the earth can send against her, and an army of soldiers men brought up on horseback, with guns in their hands. † (from Senator James Henry Hammond’s â€Å"Cotton is King,† Document Library, March 4, 1858) The Confederates have their advantages and weaknesses in their economy, diplomacy, and military and so do the Union. However, the Confederacy stood above the Union with their advantages of the southern states. They were determined to protect their laws to maintain the efficiency of their country after secession from the Union. The Confederacy was better equipped and more prepared to win the Civil War. Although the Union had some advantages in their economy, the Confederacy was better equipped economically. In their economy, the southern states had better agricultural production for their values of farmland ranging from about zero dollars up to four hundred and fifty millions of dollars; and the abundance of crops such as temp, rice, cane sugar, and tobacco in Virginia, South Carolina, Georgia, Texas, Louisiana, and Missouri. The values of the southern farmland could be used so it can be sold to other people or countries when they needed more money for the expenses of the war. Also, the abundance of crops can be sold for money which could be used to help out the Confederacy or it can be used as a resource for soldiers during the war. The southern states were doing well economically because of their cotton production of five to forty-five bales of cotton per square miles. Interactive Map for Cotton Production) Since their farmland had great value it meant that they have a great amount of land for the land to be worth a lot which allows their production of cotton to expand even more. The production of cotton helps them earn profits which can be used for the war and cotton can be used to make clothing for soldiers. The crops could be used as food for the soldiers who are fighting in the war because it can provide them a full stomach, a happy mind, and lots of energy so that they would be more concentrated on protecting their country. The agricultural production of the Confederacy would enable them to keep their soldiers content so that they would focus more about fighting and a hopeful idea that they actually can win with all the food and money they can get. They are prepared to fight the Union. The Confederacy’s diplomacy with different countries and people allowed them to be one step closer to winning the Civil War. The South is prepared to stop their cotton production which can bring them a lot of profits which can be used to be spent on war expenses. Even if they stop their cotton production and to start planting again, they would still be able to earn huge amounts of profits from experience. (Speech by Sen. James Henry Hammond) The Confederacy would have enough profits from the years of cotton production to provide them with the money needed for the war and their losses. The alliance between the Confederacy and Great Britain gives them an advantage which the Union doesn’t have. Speech by Sen. James Henry Hammond) Great Britain relied on the Confederacy’s production of cotton for their country’s economy to work properly, but the Union wants to stop the production of cotton which creates an alliance between Britain and the South. As long as the Union goes into war with the Confederates, Great Britain would bring their entire army over to help the Confederacy win the war against the Union. They were prepared to be allied at any moment to protect the flow of their economy which the North doesn’t have since most of the other countries also relied on South’s cotton production. Confederacy’s alliances with other countries will make them more prepared to win the war against the Union as they already are. In the military proportion, Confederacy had more experienced and intelligent generals and commanders than the Union even if they had more commanders. Many of the generals attended the U. S. Military academy at West Point. As an average Southern generals who attended West Point were mostly ranked higher than the Northern commanders. Southern commanders like P. G. T. Beauregard of Louisiana graduated with a rank of the third highest in 1838 and Robert E. Lee of Virginia who graduated with the second highest rank during 1829 unlike Don Carlos Buell of Ohio graduated with the rank of 32 who was a Northern commander. (Meet the Commanders) The Confederate commanders being able to graduate with high ranks means that they are more knowledgeable than the Union commanders. Since they graduated at the top of their class they know from knowledge about what are the right things to do during the war and they should be able to figure out advantages to increase their chances at winning. The Confederates also had commanders who were more experience with wars because of their experience of fighting in previous wars. A Southern commander, John B. Magrudger had military experience in the Second Seminole War and the Mexican War while Northerner Nathaniel P. Banks of Massachusetts had no previous military experience. Meet the Commanders) The Confederacy having more commanders who had more military experience from previous wars allows them to know some possible advantages and weaknesses that they might have for their army and the enemies since it might have happen before. Experience and education is what makes you more prepared for war with strategies and ideas being created. Overall, the Confederacy has a huge advantage over the Union as that they are more prepared to win the Civil War against the Union. The profits from their agricultural production of their economy leaves them one less thing to be worried about to be prepared for the war. The production of cotton brought the alliance of foreign countries with the Confederacy because of their reliance on the cotton production for profits that keeps their economy going and creates a better diplomacy. The more experience that the commanders received from previous wars and the higher ranking they had in military school increases the knowledge for preparations for the war so that you can increase the chances of winning against the Union. The Confederacy were prepared to win against the Union in the Civil War with all their preparations.

Employers Get Tough on Health

Kayli Tipps Employers Get Tough on Health The article entitled â€Å"Employers Get Tough on Health† is printed by the Chicago Tribune September 24, 2007 and it addresses how some companies in America are now choosing whether you get hired or keep your job based on your personal behavior and lifestyle habits such as smoking or eating high fat meals. In the reading the Article states â€Å"the rules of the work place are changing† and you should be informed of those changes so you can be a likely candidate to get hired if applying for a new job at these companies.I will tell you how they are testing to see if you make â€Å"bad† lifestyle choices and also how it may affect whether you qualify for health insurance or your job at these companies. The company known as Weyco Inc. in Michigan is who the article is about. This Company drew national attention in 2005 when it fired four employees who used tobacco. Weyco performs random testing every three months, usually o f about 30 workers.The workers are supposed to breath into a breathalyzer-like device that measures carbon-monoxide levels. So if the level is high then they are given a urine test and if they fail they will be dismissed. This is a scary idea to those who might smoke. Also I need to mention that you should say goodbye to the days of high-fat meals because Weyco can also regulate your blood pressure, body mass and glucose levels.The requirements embraced by a growing number of companies are setting privacy aside and raising questions about who will qualify for health insurance and more importantly employment. Like some of the employees you may be wondering if these new rules are illegal. According to Gary Climes, vice president of Meritain Health Michigan, who owns Weyco, stated that the firings do not violate Michigan law and that the 150 employees at the company have accepted the rules. It really comes down to a personal choice as far as do you want to be employed here,† Clim es said. Since 2005 when Weyco instituted the wellness policy that includes the smoking ban, health insurance costs have increased by only 2 percent which is below the national average. So you now should be worried because personal behavior and lifestyle habits, those unrelated to work, are now fair game for employers determined to cut health care costs.The Article is very informative and gives detailed reports on the testing and how you could potentially be â€Å"dismissed† if you fail one of the tests. Also the article is expressing to you how you should rethink the junk food you have been eating or the cigarette you are about to smoke. Although thousands of employees have put in place incentives for their workers to live healthier lifestyles, the great numbers of employers have not yet embraced the act to penalize workers who don’t satisfy medical and behavioral rules.Although you should really try to take steps to better yourself and use this article as a little pu sh even if you don’t live in Michigan because punitive measures are gaining a foothold in the workplace. I recommend this article to anyone who is currently looking for a job to get these ideas flowing in your head because even if the company you’re working for isn’t testing you or firing people for smoking you should still be aware that they look at your habits.The most important aspect you should have in the work place in presentation in your effort and in yourself. I found this article very informative because I had no idea that businesses even started testing people to see if they smoke or cared that you smoked at all. Although some things may be out of your immediate control such as high blood pressure and glucose levels, you can take measures to improve your health in the long run with choosing a healthier lifestyle, not only for yourself but for your job.

Lowering the drinking age Essay

For many years there has been a debate about whether or not the legal drinking age in America should be lowered. Now a days, the legal age for someone to buy or consume alcoholic  beverages is 21. Many people who are against lowering the age limit feel teenagers are not mature enough to drink responsibly. On the other hand, there are many reasons, that support my position that America’s legal drinking age should be lowered to 18. America’s legal drinking age should be lowered to 18 because 18 year olds are already given many adult rights in our country. In the United States 18 is considered the â€Å"age of  consent.† People at that age are permitted to vote in government elections and serve their country in military service. They are also old enough to get a driver’s license and buy cigarettes. If 18  year olds are considered mature enough to earn these important rights, they should also be allowed to buy and drink alcohol. Another reason the age restrictions on alcohol should be lowered is because lowering the restrictions would not necessarily make more people drink. It would only make it possible for a larger portion of adults in the country to drink legally. Moreover, lowering the legal drinking age might even lessen alcohol’s appeal to young adults since they are often attracted to things  that are â€Å"forbidden.† The legal drinking age should be lowered in the United States because many other countries permit people under 21 to buy and consume alcohol. European countries such as  France, Germany, England and Ireland all permit people aged 18 years to buy and consume alcohol. Some countries, like Italy, do not even have a legal limit for alcohol consumption. If it is  possible for so many productive and successful countries to have lower age restriction on alcohol than the United States, we should have lower limits too.  In conclusion, the legal drinking age in the United States should be lowered to 18 for several reasons. Individuals who are 18 years old are already granted many other adult rights, so they should also be permitted to buy and purchase alcohol. Additionally, many other countries have age restrictions that allow teenagers to legally consume and purchase alcohol. Based on evidence I have provided, it is clear that maturity, and not age, are the best ways to determine whethe r people should be permitted to drink alcohol or not.

Why Fear National ID Cards?

Featured in 2001 in the New York Times Alan Dershowitz’s article â€Å"Why Fear National ID Cards? † presents the idea of a National ID Card system being put to use in the United States. The reasoning behind such an idea is this, with the sacrifice of some of the individual’s privacy a greater level of security, equality, and productivity can be achieved while discarding some of the insensitive and inefficient methods of identification we use today.A National ID Card consisting of a name, address, photo and fingerprint print would be the first national uniform ID that would replace the high number variations of identification that are issued state by state. This would drastically decrease the chances of forgery by the use of a unified system and strict means of distribution. A more comprehensive ID will allow for accelerated wait times at high security locations such as airports, and for those who decline to show such an ID would be subjected to further security measures.The criteria in which people are required obtain or present identification would remain the same this allows for remnants of the old policy to remain in effect and further safe guards the citizens from a potential over stepping government. A more radical policy or criteria change could lead to an abuse of power or jumpstart similar non-popular policies to be acted on. It would also enable the rate of deportation of illegal immigrants to increase along with providing a better means to legal immigrants to display their status to authorities.â€Å"Rights are a function of experience, and our recent experiences teach that it is far too easy to be anonymous — even to create a false identity — in this large and decentralized country† (Barnet and Bedau). This point taken directly from the article puts into perspective the very real threat of the terrorism. Terrorist hide amidst the general public, this is a concerning reality. No system can prevent all acts of terror but a National ID card with an embedded corresponding fingerprint can reduce the likely hood of the creation of false identities and catch those who are using the weaknesses of the current system to slip by unnoticed.Alan Dershowitz’s stresses the importance of the elimination of the current trend of racial and ethnic stereotyping that acts as a countermeasure for possible threats to security. Improving civil liberties for these targeted groups is achieved by eliminating the need to target these groups in general. By utilizing security measures such as criminal-history retrieval systems and a corresponding fingerprint on the card itself we can remove the reason for profiling individuals due to their appearance alone.

The level of interest within Generation Y towards social network Essay

The level of interest within Generation Y towards social network marketing - Essay Example This study would further help marketers to understand the tools that would work for both generations and how to effectively target these generations. The research would also be helpful for the developers of SNSs as it would provide them with an insight towards the users and the needs of the market. They would then be able to develop or modify their social network according to the needs of the target market. This may even help in developing a better SNS and its business end. Social Networking has become the greatest trend in the last few decades. People from all generations are linking with their friends and families through social networking. In this respect, social networking provides a great opportunity for marketers to target all kinds of generations and specifically Generation Y. Generation Y is the generation that was born between 1978 and 1991. This generation is also known as the Net Generation on account on their frequent use of the internet. Generation Y has been recorded as the greatest users of social networking with Generation X slowly catching up. Generation X is the generation born between the early 1960s and the early 1980s. Generation Y has been brought up at a time when technology was at its peak and thus this Generation grew up with the Internet. This was a reason that Generation Y was quick to get addicted to social networks. They even developed social networks in the form of Facebook and quickly became every day users. Generation Y saw these sites as a way of presenting them selves and their opinions. They made maximum use of the features of social networks by uploading pictures, videos, comments, tweets, status etc in order to connect with their friends. Generation Y remains connected with their friends through these networks and even relies on these friends to guide them in their purchasing decisions. Generation X, on the other hand, was not the initial users of social networks but being flexible, they quickly adopted the trend. Generation X’s usage of social networks has grown rapidly in the last few years as this generation uses social networks mainly to maintain their connection with their friends and family and also to remain updated with the latest trends. In order to target this generation, marketers have to rely on honesty since honesty sells for this generation. This generation demands respect from their brands and loyalty is earned through consistent performance. 1.2 Significance of the Study The growing popularity of social networking sites (SNSs)

Discussion Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 14

Discussion Questions - Essay Example Ethics can add value to a business by ensuring the company does not get involved in any undesirable scandals. I believe that companies have a responsibility to comply with the demand of many stakeholders groups. Some of the key stakeholder groups that must be considered in the decision making process of the company are lenders, shareholders, governmental entities, suppliers, the community, and the environment. An example of a company that satisfies the needs of various stakeholders is Starbuck Cafà ©. Starbucks supports poor farmers by purchasing only fair trade coffee. Companies cannot focus only on the investors because many firms have other missions and goals that go beyond making money. Wal-Mart is proud to be the largest private employer in the world with 2.1 million employees (Businessinsider, 2012). I believe that proper ethical conduct is important both in the private life of a person and in the workplace. People are often faced with ethical dilemmas in their private life. Ethical decisions affect consumer buying patters. Some people prefer to purchase green products because they are environmentally friendly. In the workplace acting in an ethical manner is mandatory. Unethical behavior can lead to bad results in the workplace. It is essential for employees to follow the ethical code of conduct of an enterprise. Violations of the ethical code of conduct of a company can lead to suspensions or termination of employment. â€Å"Consequentialism says that right or wrong depend on the consequences of an act, and that the more good consequences are produced, the better the act† (Bbc, 2012). Often politicians based their decision on consequentialism ethical principles. Deontological is an ethical theory concerned with duties and right (Freedictionary, 2012). This ethical perspective is often utilized by law enforcement agents. The ethical theory is relative since different people perceive duties and rights differently. A third ethical

Discuss three ways that technological innovation has worked to the Essay

Discuss three ways that technological innovation has worked to the detriment of organizational dynamics or to the detriment of s - Essay Example Take the case of patent applications. Technological innovation has been linked to the increase in patent applications. This is due to the extension of patent domain to new objects such as research tools, software, business methods, artificially engineered organisms and genes. Moreover new players like public agencies and universities have also entered the patent domain thereby making the market more competitive. In the past twenty years, we have witnessed a rapid growth in the rates of patents which also includes patenting the scientific resources and results. It has been observed that the patent applications from US corporations conducted from 1988 – 2000 have more than doubled. In other words, patents have acquired strategic value. A classic example in this context is that of Texas Instruments. This company is estimated to have profited around one billion dollars from patent licenses and settlements due to its aggressive enforcement policy. The above mentioned aspects have l ed to an increase in the patenting rates. This has subsequently increased the litigation expenses. According to the US Department of Commerce, patent litigation that commenced in the year 1991, led to an overall legal expenditure by US firms which were at least 25% of the cost of basic research conducted by these firms in 1991 (Dosi, Marengo & Pasquali, 2006). An important breakthrough in technology is the invention of computers and other advanced tools which provides accurate and fast results. Advanced and innovative software has provided us a platform to interact online with each other. The advent of e-mail, intranet, social networking tools like Facebook, Twitter etc. has made it possible for people to interact online. Previously, people used to meet each other and visit their close friends and relatives. Occasions such as birthdays, anniversaries were celebrated and people visited each other in person. However, with the advent of online tools people no longer care to visit their close friends and relatives. Instead they interact with them online with the various internet tools that have been invented. Nowadays, these tools are a means to keep in touch with each other and hence face-to-face interaction has lessened to quite an extent. Another negative effect of computers is that it has led to reduction in manual labor. Previously, all types of work needed to be done manually and this meant higher demand for laborers. With automation, the entire scenario has changed. Many people may argue that the job market has become more competitive with all firms struggling to put in their best to remain in market. However, the newspaper industry has been hit very hard as technological innovation has paved the way for advertising and market promotion actions through the web. Nowadays firms and organizations prefer to promote their products and services through the internet, online magazines and brochures which have a wider public appeal. This is one of the main reasons w hy most newspaper firms have ceased to remain in the market and in most countries it has been observed that only a handful of such companies remain in market. Technological innovation is a vicious cycle. Take the example of the automobile industry. With the advances made in technology, new automobiles are being designed taking into account the consumer comfort and luxury. In most countries people consider car to be a necessity as they prefer to commute driving their own automobile. This has led to an increase in the pollution levels

Religious Engagement in Peace Building Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Religious Engagement in Peace Building - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the world is a heterogeneous collection of religions. Every religion teaches humanity certain lessons that guide the individuals in numerous aspects of their lives including domestic, social, financial, political, peace building and many more. Religious values and teachings have a gigantic impact on shaping up a society’s cultural and intellectual principles and practices. One’s sovereignty, independence, and liberty are dependent on religious directions. It is the faith that educates the followers about the differences between the acceptable actions and immoral deeds, prevention from several problems, uncertainty that man confronts in every facet of his life and the comparison between the holy and sacrilegious matters. The world history has brought this appalling truth into limelight that majority of the fierce and ferocious events of the past come under connection with religion. The similar fact applies to the current g lobal situation as well where most of the riots and violence have come under linkage with faith. On the other hand, it cannot come under ignorance that religion has played a commendable and phenomenal role in peace building, resolving conflicts and settling down volatile issues. As religion actually outlines all the important and substantial affairs of one’s life, it intensely and genuinely comes under involvement in influencing the followers’ notion and idea of conflict and peace building and its maintenance with respect to religion.... This can come under performance through a detailed study of relationship between religious ideas and peace building actions (Bellamy, Williams and Griffin, 2009, pp.12-15). The crucial cause of religious based conflicts is that the followers have incomplete knowledge of their faith and thus due to misconceptions they consider aggression, violence and hostility as an inevitable move offered by religion. Furthermore, in a region where denizens are not under proper and adequate security and are suffering from frustration due to terrible social or political scenario consider violence as a possible solution and think that this will make them heard by the government (Kaplan, 2007, pp. 123-126). However, this is not right but lack of religious understanding and violent streak in a hot-blooded lot begets to conflicts that would have come under refrain if people had correctly comprehended the religious guidance or the suggestions of religious teachers and representatives. Instead, they choose a destructive option of violence on cost of the respect and reputation of their religion and fall short in noticing the possible peaceful alternatives provided by their religion itself (Kaplan, 2007, pp. 123-126). People of diverse religious backgrounds residing in either a common or a defined place and practicing their religious rituals and ceremonies can be a cause of violence and discrepancies. However, one cannot shut his eyes to the reality that religions have gargantuan and mammoth potential for solving these intensified issues. Peace building mission can come under execution successfully by following the religious teachings in this

An Analysis of the Fourth Amendment Research Paper

An Analysis of the Fourth Amendment - Research Paper Example The conduct and practice of the authorities was consistent with the view that the authorities had unlimited powers over all their subjects and could search their private residences at their own whims. Legal scholars and historians connect the origin of the fourth amendment to the old English law, which was equally challenged on the grounds of the excessive powers wielded by the King in searching or arresting persons suspected of certain violations. The fourth amendment was viewed as a culmination of critics of the search system who insisted that the authorities and the executive should be guided by very specific limits when conducting searches on private citizens (Galiano 26). On this matter, some of the issues that attend to the subject of the searches include the motives under which the authorities may act when executing their searches and the capacity of the limitations that should guide the entire search processes. The amendment was considered as a restoration of the rights to pr ivacy of citizens and the limits for action on the part of state officers and other parties acting for and on behalf of the executive. General warrants had allowed the executive to selectively apply the law in ways that suited the limited or political interests of the executive. As such, it was necessary for the state to revamp the constitution in ways that laid structural obstacles in the possibility of misusing the law to suit the private interests of the political class. Increasing concerns that the general warrants had permitted the executive to suppress the opposition and muzzle the media led to the protests and criticisms that eventually culminated in the abolition of the general warrants. The general understanding of the fourth amendment is the validity and force of a warrant can only be obtained through the sanctioning of the judiciary. Effectively, the amendment altered the powers of the executives by determining the specific details upon, which a warrant may be sought and the manner in which it may be applied in order to meet the thresholds of legality (Maclin 58). The curtailing of the powers of the executive through the abolition of the general warrant is one of the important features of the fourth amendment. On this score, it might be argued that the determination of the rights of the citizenry as brought about within the warrant entailed the structural revision of the systems that had allowed and condoned the adoption and application of warrants in unspecified ways. The limitations of the traditional systems gave room to the abuse of office since the executive could engage in suppressive or oppressive activities in ways that promoted the denial of rights to the citizenry. The Fourth Amendment stipulates the conditions under which warrants may be permissible (Taslitz 39). One of the fundamental features of the Fourth Amendment is that it foregrounds the condition of reasonability in the execution of a legal search or arrest. The Amendment explicit ly outlaws any forms of unreasonable searches, which in effect affirms that value of human freedom and the expression of individual privacy as key factors that require the protection and safeguarding by the government (Schulhofer 66). On this matter, it becomes

Judaism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Judaism - Essay Example Although Jews resemble Christians in many ways, they are not confined to pray or worship in one area or room like the Christians. They believe that God dwells among people and not in a specific place. In addition to that, Jews are more independent and do not relate or reference with any other religion like the Christians relate to them. Although the Christians continuously reference to the Jews customs and traditions, Jews have remained independent do not borrow or copy practices from other religions (Valkenberg, 34). In conclusion, it is clear that Christianity and Judaism have a lot of similarities. However, there are also a lot of differences between the two uniquely similar religions. Judaism is both a â€Å"peoplehood† and a religion while Christianity is basically a religion. With this in mind, it is evident that though Christianity and Judaism have a lot of similarities, the differences that exist cannot be settled until the coming of Christ as stated in the Bible and Torah (Valkenberg,

Pluralism vs. Elitism in Public Policy Making Essay

Pluralism vs. Elitism in Public Policy Making - Essay Example The elitist view of power, on the other hand states that â€Å"political power should be in the hands of a relatively small part of the general population that shares a common understanding about the fundamental issues facing society and government†3. Those who advocate the elitist view of power argue that the general public is best served when a basic consensus exists among a country’s top leaders regarding fundamental issues. â€Å"Although these leaders may disagree on minor issues, or even compete against one another for positions of authority in government, the fact that they share a common view on issues that might otherwise split the nation is regarded as an important foundation for governing†4. With the practice of democracy in the United States as the principal basis of such claims by pluralists and elitists, is it safe to say that equality under the law is enforced in the face of political, social, and religious diversity among men, and the conflicting interests of their representatives? The Dispersal of Power among Groups Pluralism gives stress on the role of interest groups in political agendas in the United States. ... They further emphasize that politics is not the central decision-making of a united public acting through the state, but the result of continuous competition, bargaining, and exchange among groups representing different interests. Pluralists accepted Schumpeter’s broad view that what separate democracies from non-democracies are the methods by which government officials are elected. Democracy, in the United States of America, is generally regarded as synonymous to political pluralism despite the rise of scholarly notions that say otherwise. For Weber, elite domination within the state apparatus was inevitable. As Weber himself puts it, â€Å"all ideas aiming at abolishing dominance of men over men are illusory†5. The crucial feature of the state is located within its roles as the major authoritative associated within a given territory. For the state to maintain its central position it has to claim a monopoly of the legitimate use of force. Domination, or as Weber termed it, â€Å"the authoritarian power of command† is a necessary and inevitable feature of this process. However, the concentration of both economic and political decision making in the hands of a central government bureaucracy is incompatible with democracy. Democracy requires limited government, individual freedom, and dispersal of power in society On September 17, 1787 the Constitution of the United States of America was approved and instituted the following fundamental principles: (1) standard sovereignty, or control by the people, (2) a republican government in which the people select representatives to make decisions for them, (3) limited government with written laws, separation of powers, with checks and balances among branches to prevent any one branch from gaining too much power, and

Write a letter of Introduction to Medgar Evers Essay

Write a letter of Introduction to Medgar Evers - Essay Example But there are still problems among us that you would feel it was necessary to confront, and I believe you could give us some guidance on what we should be doing to remain true to your legacy. Without money, the hard-won right to education remains elusive. So many young Americans today are prevented from achieving their full potential educationally as their families do not have the financial resources to ensure their tertiary – and sometimes even their secondary – education. The pressure to enter employment for the children of families who live in poverty is huge. Children need to be earning dollars to contribute to the survival of the family. And in a kind of vicious circle, the only jobs available to baseline educated people are low-earning, and low-status, without many prospects for advancement and future success. So, many of our children are drawn into, for example, the drug industry and organized crime syndicates take full advantage of the desperation of our children and families. It seems that the great contribution you made to human rights for all of us is being undercut by a kind of economic segregation, which continues to exist for certain communities. As people live in disadvantaged communities, they are forced into situations where the stereotypical perceptions of those communities are able to continue. I believe that you would feel great disappointment and sadness if you were to see this unfair and seemingly unstoppable situation in the country you loved so, and fought for in foreign countries. Politically, we have benefited; socially and economically we have a long way to go. We have to, like you did, recognize and identify the reality of our situation, and begin to act as you did to change it. With community efforts, supported by Federal Government, we can make it possible for parents to get out of the cycle of poverty, and be assisted in providing their children with

Industrial Relations & Collective Bargaining Essay Example for Free

Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining Essay Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. . Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. v4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors infl uencing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. 3. Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective Bargaining: Concept, Its relevance in IR, CB as an institution, ILO perception of CB, Objectives of CB, Structure, Functions, process, negotiations, bargaining approaches techniques, patterns of bargaining. . Settlements: Types of settlements, Wage settlement, bonus settlement, productivity settlement, VRS settlement, Union issues settlement, Reorganization settlement, Transfer, Layoff, Retrenchment and Closure settlements. 4. 4 Elective HRM 6: Industrial Relations Collective Bargaining 1. Industrial Relations: Historical background, Concept and approaches in IR – Stake holders of IR, Various factors influ encing IR, HR approach to IR, Essentials of sound IR policy, IR Strategies, Legal frame work of IR, Community of IR. Proactive IR, Industrial conflicts, Disputes, Conflict resolution. 2. Trade Unions: Trade union movement and growth of TU in India, National level federations, Trade union problems, Trade union Organization, Leadership and management of Trade union, Trade Union Act 1926, Registration of trade union, Employers Association – Objectives, Origin and growth, Legal status, Problems of Trade Unions. . Grievances and Disciplines: Grievances, Redressal, Discipline, Standing Orders, Acts of misconduct, Show cause notice, Suspension, Enquiry procedure, Principles of natural justice, Punishments, Demotion suspension, Termination, Removal and dismissals, Conflicts – Industrial disputes –Lay off, Termination simplicitor, Retrenchment, closures, VRS. 4. Collective